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The National Intelligence Service of Greece (EYP) has released declassified documents detailing the events surrounding the 1974 Greek-led coup in Cyprus and the subsequent Turkish invasion, providing new insights into a pivotal moment in Cyprus' history.
The release includes 58 redacted reports from intelligence officers, compiled during July and August of 1974. These reports offer an inside look at the coup that overthrew Cyprus' President Archbishop Makarios, and the Turkish invasion that followed just five days later, leading to the division of the island.
The decision to declassify these documents coincides with the 50th anniversary of the events. It also comes at a time when Greece and Turkey are seeking to improve their diplomatic relations. According to EYP director-general Themistoklis Demiris, "Fifty years is a long time, which, even if it doesn’t force you to, allows you to look back and reflect on both national and professional awareness."
The reports, dated primarily from early to mid-July 1974, shed light on the growing tensions between Cyprus and the Greek military junta, which had taken power in Athens in 1967. Nicosia felt that Athens was meddling in Cyprus' internal affairs, particularly supporting the EOKA B paramilitary group, which was plotting against the Cypriot government.
One report from July 2, 1974, describes the alarm felt by Cypriot officials who wanted to limit the Greek military presence on the island. Another report voiced fears of a Communist takeover if the Greek influence was reduced. "Talk of expelling Greek officers has sown fear among nationalist-minded people," the report said, adding that there was widespread belief that a Communist threat would rise if Greece withdrew.
On July 15, 1974, the junta in Athens orchestrated a coup in Cyprus, which immediately triggered Turkey’s military invasion. The invasion led to Turkey occupying the northern part of the island, and within days, Greece’s military junta collapsed.
Later reports focused on military activity and troop movements in both Cyprus and Greece, as Greece issued a general mobilisation alert in response to the escalating crisis.
This is the first time that the EYP has made such archival material available to the public. The documents offer a rare look at the internal discussions and decisions made during one of the most significant and turbulent periods in Cyprus’ modern history.
Read the full report in Greek here.
