Household electricity and gas prices surge across EU in 2022

In the second half of 2022, average household electricity prices in the EU continued to show a sharp increase compared with the same period in 2021, from 23.5 euros per 100 kWh to 28.4 euros per 100 kWh in the EU, and from 23.0 euros per 100 kWh to 32.6 euro per 100 kWh in Cyprus, according to data released by Eurostat, the statistical service of the EU.

Average gas prices also increased in the EU compared with the same period in 2021 from 7.8 euros per 100 kWh to 11.4 euros per 100 kWh in the second half of 2022. These prices are the highest on Eurostat’s record.

After a significant increase in prices that started before the Russian invasion of Ukraine but skyrocketed up to the second semester of 2022, electricity and natural gas prices have recently shown signs of stabilizing, partly due to policies and interventions by EU governments. EU countries opted for various measures, such as reducing taxes and fees, temporary tax waivers to consumers, price caps, providing lump sum support or allocating vouchers to final consumers, and some countries applied regulated prices.

Compared with the second half of 2021, the share of taxes in the electricity bill dropped sharply from 36% to 16% (-18.3%) and in the gas bill from 27% to 14% (-15.8%), with all EU countries putting in place governmental allowances and subsidies or reduce taxes and levies to mitigate high-energy costs.

Household electricity prices rose in all EU members, except Malta (-3%, in national currencies) and the Netherlands (-7%), in the second half of 2022, compared with the same period of 2021.

Prices in Malta are regulated, while the Dutch government supports consumers with lump sums and taxes reduction.

The highest increases were recorded in Romania (+112%), Czechia (+97%), Denmark (+70%), Lithuania (+65%) and Latvia (+59%), while the lowest was in Luxembourg (+3%), Austria and Germany (both +4%), and Poland and Bulgaria (both +5%).

Expressed in euro, average household electricity prices in the second half of 2022 were lowest in Hungary (10.8 euro per 100 kWh), Bulgaria (11.5 euro) and Malta (12.8 euro) and highest in Denmark (58.7 euro), Belgium (44.9 euro), and Ireland (42.0 euro).

Meanwhile, gas prices increased during the same period in all EU countries that use natural gas (Cyprus is the only member state that does not).

Gas prices (in national currencies) surged the most in Czechia (+231%), Romania (+165%), Latvia (+157%), Lithuania (+112%) and Belgium (+102%).

There were only two increases below 20%: Croatia (+14%) and Slovakia (18%). All price increases are from the energy and supply component, mainly driven by the recent energy crisis.

Expressed in euro, average household gas prices in the second half of 2022 were lowest in Hungary (€3.5 per 100 kWh), Croatia (€4.5) and Slovakia (€4.9) and highest in Sweden (€27.5), Denmark (€20.8) and the Netherlands (€19.3).

The price of natural gas for households in Sweden was 157 % higher than the EU average price. However, natural gas use in Sweden is very limited.